一起学托福阅读社会科学篇--环保组织推保护类人猿计划-智课教育旗
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一起学托福阅读社会科学篇--环保组织推保护类人猿计
划-智课教育旗下智课教育
本文和大家一起学托福阅读之社会科学篇—环保组织推出保护类人猿计划，这篇托福阅读材料供考生参考使用，希望考生能够认真备考，预祝考生能够考出好成绩。
目前公布了一项保护中非大猩猩和黑猩猩的新行动计划，计划列出了六个国家的猿类所面临的威胁。类人猿面对哪些生存威胁?拯救类人猿问题上为什么需要企业的帮助，和埃博拉又有哪些关联？和托福小编一起从今天的托福阅读材料中寻求答案吧！
在进行托福阅读之前 ，一起学习一下文章中的疑难词 ：Unveil vt. 使公诸于众，揭开
Outline n. 轮廓；大纲；概要vt. 概述；略述
Chimp n. (非洲的)黑猩猩
Gorilla n. 大猩猩
Ape n. 猿adj. 狂热的
snare n. 陷阱；圈套vt. 捕捉
Domain n. 领域；域名
logging n. 记录；伐木工作v. 把…锯成段木
pose vi. 摆姿势；佯装vt. 造成，形成n. 姿势，姿态
Vaccine n. 疫苗adj. 疫苗的
credit n. 信用，信誉vt. 相信，信任
Conservation Groups Unveil Regional Action Plan to SaveGreat Apes
环保组织推出保护类人猿计划
A new action plan has been unveiled to protect CentralAfrica ’s gorillas and chimpanzees. It outlines threats to thegreat apes across six countries.
The regional action plan is a joint effort by the InternationalUnion for Conservation of Nature, Wildlife Conservation Society,and World Wildlife Fund among others.
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Dr. Fiona Maisels, a conservation scientist for the WildlifeConservation Society, said the plan aims to protect the largenumber of great apes not in protected areas.
“The take home message is that most of the apes are not inthe national parks. They are spread out throughout the whole ofthis region," she said. "We really need to concentrate on
protecting them, not only in the parks, but in the areas wherethey ’re much more vulnerable to hunting.”
Maisels said the chimpanzees are faring better than thegorillas in Central Africa. But both are threatened by hunting,habitat loss and disease.
The nearly 80 percent of great apes outside protected zones,are in areas where private extractive industries operate.
“Most of the rest of the forest domain of Central Africa isunder selective logging, which means that the forestry
companies are not clear cutting. They don’t do what they do inMalaysia or Brazil, for example," she said. "They just take out afew trees per acre, which means that the forest afterwards is finefor great apes, and indeed, elephants to live in. The problem isthe hunting.”
Maisels said African nations need private industry’s help insaving the great apes.
“So, logging companies need to put in place anti-poachingmeasures to make sure that important endangered wildlifespecies are not hunted,” she said.
Maisels said, however, that hunting is important for manylocal inhabitants.
“People will hunt around villages in Africa to eat. Thatdoesn ’t pose a problem to the species that they normally eat,which [are] small antelopes that live in the forest and largerodents, you know, rather like large rates and things like that,"she said. "But when commercial hunting takes hold much larger
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animals get caught, whether deliberately or by accident, andthen those animals are sent to large urban markets.”
The Wildlife Conservation Society scientist said the
long-term survival of chimps and gorillas is put at risk bycommercial hunting.
“It ’s not a food security issue. It’s basically a
conservation issue if a great ape gets caught in a snare or if agreat ape gets shot," Maisels said. "Great apes, like elephants, aremuch less able to reproduce rapidly to reproduce the numbersthat have been killed. And that’s why they’re both onendangered species lists. That’s why they’re both onnationally protected species lists,” she said.
The Regional Action Plan for the Conservation of WesternLowland Gorillas and Central Chimpanzees also highlightsanother big threat – Ebola.
“We lost thousands and thousands of great apes along theGabon-Congo border about 10 years ago with a massive Ebolaepidemic," Maisels said. "Nothing like as big as the one we’ve seen in West Africa. And it wiped out huge areas of gorillas andchimps in the forest before it got into the villages. The only
reason we knew about it was because people started getting sick.And that’s because they were finding dead animals in the forest– picking them up – taking them home and eating them. Andthen of course it went through villages just it’s done in WestAfrica. ”
Maisels added that current Ebola vaccine research could leadto protection for humans and apes alike.
“If a vaccine can be developed that can be transmitted fromape to ape, once a few apes in the forest have been vaccinated,that would effectively vaccinate the whole population." she said."We ’re a long way from that at the moment, but there arepeople who are trying to do that, which would, of course, not
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only protect great ape populations, but would eventually protectall the human populations who are working within their forests.”
The action plan also calls for “improved legal frameworksand stiffer sanctions for poachers；coordinated use and
protection of natural resources with a priority on conservinggreat ape populations；and conservation advocacy to bringabout behavior change toward great apes.”
The previous action plan was released in 2005 and is creditedwith slowing the decline in ape populations.
长难句：
1.Most of the rest of the forest domain of Central Africa isunder selective logging, which means that the forestry
companies are not clear cutting.
句子类型：定语从句(嵌套宾语从句)
句子拆分：
主干：Most of the rest of the forest domain of Central Africais under selective logging
定语从句：which means…(嵌套宾语从句that the forestry
companies are not clear cutting)
翻译：中非剩下的大多数森林区域都面临选择性伐木，这意味着森林公司是并不在乱砍滥伐。
2.That doesn’t pose a problem to the species that theynormally eat, which [are] small antelopes that live in the forestand large rodents, you know, rather like large rates and thingslike that.
句子类型：定语从句 插入语
句子拆分：
主干：That doesn’t pose a problem to the species…
定语从句: that they normally eat, which [are] small antelopes(that live in the forest and large rodents)
插入语: you know
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翻译：这对他们经常吃的物种来说并没有构成问题，他们吃的一般是生活在森林里的小羚羊和大型啮齿动物，比如大鼠之类的。
文章大意：
目前公布了一项保护中非大猩猩和黑猩猩的新行动计划，计划列出了六个国家的猿类所面临的威胁。这个地区行动计划是国际自然保护联合会、野生生物保护学会和世界野生物基金会联合发起的。
中非剩下的大多数森林区域都面临选择性伐木，这意味着森林公司是并不在乱砍滥伐，比如他们在马来西亚和巴西就不一样。他们只是每英亩选出少数树木，这意味着森林还是适合类人猿和大象的，问题在于狩猎。
梅塞尔说非洲国家在拯救类人猿问题上需要企业的帮助。
“人们在非洲村庄各处打猎寻找吃的，这对他们经常吃的物种来说并没有构成问题，他们吃的一般是生活在森林里的小羚羊和大型啮齿动物，比如大鼠之类的。但商业狩猎会捕捉更大的动物，无论是故意还是无意，这些动物就被送往大城市的市场上。”
这位野生生物保护学会科学家说，黑猩猩和大猩猩的长远生存就这样遭到商业狩猎的威胁。
西部低地大猩猩和黑猩猩保育中心的地区行动计划也强调了另一个重大威胁—埃博拉。
“10年前沿加蓬和刚果边界有成千上万头类人猿死于大规模埃博拉疫情，其规模都不如我们在西非看到的那样大。这场疫情席卷了森林里大猩猩和黑猩猩栖息的大片区域，然后进入村庄。我们只是在人们开始患病后才知道这个疫情，因为人们在森林里找到死亡的动物，然后捡起来带回家食用，然后当然整个村庄都患病了，就像在西非那样。”
“如果能开发出疫苗，就会在猿类之间进行传播，森林里少数猿类得到免疫，那么就会让整个猿群得到有效免疫。我们还远未实现这一点，但已经有人在努力开发，当然这不仅会保护类人猿群体，还将最终保护在森林里工作的人类群体”
该行动计划还呼吁“改善法律框架并加强对盗猎者的惩治，协调使用和保护自然资源，重点在保护类人猿群体，以及进行宣传保护，对类人猿做出行为改变。”
前一个行动计划是2005年公布的，因放缓猿群衰减而受到赞誉。
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文章架构：
第1-6段：关于保护中非大猩猩和黑猩猩行动计划的介绍，包括计划原因、涉及的内容、目的。
第7-13段：非洲国家在拯救类人猿问题上需要企业的帮助
第14-17段：西部低地大猩猩和黑猩猩保育中心的地区行动计划也强调了另一个重大威胁—埃博拉。目前的埃博拉疫苗研究可以促进对人类和类人猿的保护。
第18-19段：关于计划的其他呼吁及其因放缓猿群衰减而受到赞誉。
文章题材：
社会科学类
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